Nešto o novopazarskim Jevrejima i njihovoj sudbini u Drugom svetskom ratu

Abstract

Od malog turskog utvrđenja vojnog karaktera, čije se podizanje pripisuje Isa-begu Isakoviću, turskom osvajaču i državniku, Novi Pazar se u šesnaestom i sedamnaestom stoleću razvio u značajno naselje zahvaljujući dobrim trgovačkim vezama sa Jadranskim primorjem, Bosnom i Makedonijom. Mnogi putopisci iz sedamnaestog stoleća ga pominju kao trgovačko i zanatlijsko mesto koje se po veličini može ubrajati među najveće u Srbiji, a njegovu okolinu kao veoma bogatu rudnim blagom. Prema zapisima Amadeja Šomata iz 1807. godine Novi Pazar ima 15.000 stanovnika od kojih su 100 Jevreji. Ovaj broj se povećao natalitetom 1899. godine na 170 (83 muških i 87 ženskih), a 1931. na 207. Na početku Drugog svetskog rata SS trupe su proterale, pohapsile i poslale u logore sve Jevreje. Sva njihova imovina je opljačkana. Najdragocenijih stvari dočepali su se Nemci i njihovi saradnici. Jedan deo ostavštine koristili su ljudi kojima je bila poverena na čuvanje: komšije, poslovni partneri, mušterije i prijatelji. Godine 1941. na tom porostoru bilo je 292 Jevreja. Na različite načine spasilo se samo njih 18 od kojih je 8 preživelo. Svi ostali su poginuli ili umrli.

From a small Turkish fortification of military character attributed to Isa-beg Isakovic, a Turkish conqueror and political leader, Novi Pazar developed into a significant settlement in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries thanks to good trade links with the Adriatic coast, Bosnia and Macedonia. Many travel writers from the seventeenth century refer to it as a trading and artisanal place that can be considered one of the largest in Serbia, and its surroundings as very rich in mineral resources. According to the records of Amadej Šomat from 1807, Novi Pazar has a population of 15,000, of which 100 are Jewish. This number increased by birth rate in 1899 to 170 (83 male and 87 female) and in 1931 to 207. At the outbreak of World War II, the SS troops expelled, arrested and sent to the camps all Jews. All their property was looted. The Germans and their associates grasped the most valuable things. The people who were entrusted with to care for, used one part of the legacy: neighbors, business partners, customers, and friends. In 1941, there were 292 Jews in that place. Only 18 of them survived in different ways, eight of them survived the war. Everyone else died in battle or died.