Jevreji u jugoslovenskoj literaturi

Abstract

Često se misli da kalvarija Jevreja počinje Judinom izdajom Hrista za 30 srebrnjaka, kako to piše u kanonima hrišćanske religije. Naprotiv, Jevreji počinju da se iseljavaju tek pošto su rimske legije opustošile staru Judeju i zauzele Jerusalim 70-te godine pre nove ere. Doduše, netrpeljivost hrišćanskih zemalja prema Jevrejima potencirana je kasnije i bacanjem krivice za Hristovu smrt na pripadnike Judine nacije. Hrišćanski crkveni koncili u Nikeji i Laodiceji bili su osnovica protiv-jevrejskog zakonodavstva Teodosija II i Justinijana I koji su progone Jevreja pretvorili u politički sistem. Od prvobitno verskog, ono se pretvorilo u rasno i išlo ka potpunom uništenju. Samo vitalnost koju su poneli iz svoje postojbine i međusobna solidarnost, u neprekidnoj borbi za životni opstanak, održali su Jevreje kao endogene grupe u svim državama Evrope. Jevreji se nisu samo održali. Oni su svim evropskim nacijama dali svoj pečat i doprinos njihovim nacionalnim vrednostima, posebno u privredi, trgovini i bankarstvu. Duhovne vrednosti, posebno u oblasti nauke, kulture i umetnosti, koje su Jevreji posejali po svim nacijama, ogromne su. Plejada velikih imena kao što su: Isak Njutn, Karl Marks, Albert Ajnštajn, Frojd, Remark, Hajne, Rubinštajn, Ajzenštajn i drugi o tome najrečitije govore. Sticajem ovakvih okolnosti, novodošli Sefardi i starosedeoci, bosanski Srbi i Hrvati, našli su se u istom socijalnom položaju, potlačeni i obespravljeni. Takav položaj stvarao im je iste probleme i upućivao ih jedne na druge. Doduše, religiozni okviri ostali su i dalje izvesna ograda, ali u drugom planu sve do nacističke okupacije, koja je donela nesreću za Jevreje. O ovim temama pisali su Ivo Andrić i Isak Samokovlija. Preko njih bosanski Jevreji dobili su vidno mesto u jugoslovenskoj literaturi. Ponešto o njihovom životu pisali su još neki naši pisci (Isidora Sekulić, Žak Konfino i dr.), ali bez pretenzija ka tipičnom i karakterističnom, nečemu što bi se moglo uopštavati.

It is often thought that the Calvary of the Jews begins with Judas betraying Christ for 30 silver coins, as is written in the canons of the Christian religion. On the contrary, Jews began to emigrate only after the Roman legions devastated ancient Judea and occupied Jerusalem in the 1970s. Admittedly, the intolerance of Christian lands toward Jews was potentiated later by the blaming of Christ's death on members of the nation of Judah. The Christian ecclesiastical councils in Nicaea and Laodicea formed the basis of the anti-Jewish legislation of Theodosius II and Justinian I, who turned the persecution of Jews into a political system. Originally religious, it turned racial and went to total destruction. Only the vitality they brought from their existence and mutual solidarity, in the constant struggle for life survival, sustained Jews as endogenous groups in all the countries of Europe. The Jews not only maintained themselves. They have given all European nations their stamp and contribution to their national values, especially in economy, commerce and banking. The spiritual values, especially in the fields of science, culture, and art, which Jews have sown throughout the nations, are enormous. The Pleiades of famous names such as Isaac Newton, Karl Marx, Albert Einstein, Freud, Remark, Heine, Rubinstein, Eisenstein, and others speak most eloquently. Under these circumstances, newly arrived Sephardim and native people, Bosnian Serbs and Croats, found themselves in the same social position, oppressed and disenfranchised. Such a position created the same problems for them and referred them to each other. Admittedly, religious frameworks remained a certain fence, but in the background until the Nazi occupation, which brought misery for the Jews. Ivo Andrić and Isak Samokovlija wrote these topics. Through them, Bosnian Jews gained prominence in Yugoslav literature. Some of our writers have written about their lives (Isidora Sekulić, Žak Konfino, etc.), but without pretensions to the typical and characteristic, something that could be generalized.