O jevrejskim školama u Beogradu u XIX veku

Abstract

Poznato je da su Jevreji jedini narod koji je obnovio svoju državu 2000 godina posle gubitka državne samostalnosti i raseljavanja po čitavom svetu. Uprkos velikim teškoćama koje su imali u burnoj prošlosti, Jevreji su uspeli da sačuvaju glavna obeležja svoje nacionalne kulture: jezik, pismo, običaje i religiju. Zato proučavanje jevrejskih škola u dijaspori zaslužuje veliku pažnju istraživača. Govoreći o kulturnim prilikama beogradskih Jevreja u XIX veku, autor ističe da se u jevrejskim školama učila uglavnom jevrejska književnost, a da je nastavni jezik bio španjolski. Početnike su podučavali pomoćnici sveštenici, a starije đake rabini. Učenici koji su želeli da nauče srpski jezik obraćali su se privatnim licima, što ukazuje na činjenicu da se srpski jezik nije predavao u ovim školama. Mušku školu osnovala je Jevrejska opština a žensku država.

The known fact is that Jews are the only people who rebuild their country 2000 years after the loss of state independence and displacement worldwide. Despite the great difficulties they had in the tumultuous past, the Jews were able to preserve the main features of their national culture: language, writing, customs, and religion. That is why the study of Jewish schools in the diaspora deserves a great deal of research attention. Referring to the cultural circumstances of Belgrade Jews in the 19th century, the author points out that most Jewish literature was taught in Jewish schools, and that the teaching language was Spanish. Beginners were taught by assistant priests and senior students by rabbis. Pupils who wanted to learn Serbian addressed to private individuals, that indicate that Serbian was not taught in these schools. The men's school was founded by the Jewish community and the women's by State.