Društvene borbe kod stvaranja stare jevrejske države (Na osnovu podataka iz Biblije)

Abstract

“Biblija je jedna od najznačajnijih kulturnih dokumenata čovečanstva. Ona je istovremeno najveća tvorevina stare jevrejske kulture i veliki doprinos Jevreja opštečovečanskoj kulturi. Biblija je sveta knjiga dveju religija, jevrejske i hrišćanske, od kojih je naročito ova druga imala veliku ulogu u istoriji čovečanstva. Te dve religije smatraju sadržinu Biblije (jevrejska, naravno, samo Stari zavet) za božanske, večne, apsolutne istine, za božanska otkrovenja. Razume se, savremena društvena nauka prilazi Bibliji sasvim drukčije. Ona smatra Bibliju onim što ona u stvamosti jeste - ljudskim, a ne božanskim delom. Ona prilazi Bibliji kritički - ona ne bi bila nauka kad to ne bi činila - slobodna od dogmatskih predrasuda. No, i kad se ovako kritički, sa pozicija nauke, prilazi Bibliji, ona ne gubi od svoga značaja. Baš obratno, tek se onda vidi sva njena veličina kao dokumenta teške borbe jednog malog naroda koji teži za jednim savršenijim Ijudskim društvom. Jevrejski narod nije kao drugi narodi Starog veka doprineo ljudskoj kulturi razvijanjem nauke i tehnike, nego afirmacijom novih moralnih načela. Ali mi znamo i to da ovo nije slučajnost. Nisu Jevreji bili unapred određeni od heke ‘transcendentne sile’ da budu nosioci nekog višeg morala, nego je to rezultat određenih istorijskih okolnosti...“

The Bible is one of humanity's most important cultural documents. It is at the same time the greatest creation of ancient Jewish culture and a major contribution of Jews to human culture. The Bible is the holy book of two religions, Jewish and Christian, of which the latter in particular has played a major role in the history of mankind. These two religions consider the contents of the Bible (Jewish, of course, only the Old Testament) for divine, eternal, absolute truths, for divine revelations. Of course, modern social science approaches the Bible quite differently. It considers the Bible to be what it really is - human, not divine. It approaches the Bible critically - it would not be a science if it did not - free from dogmatic prejudice. But even when it approaches the Bible in such a critical way, from the standpoint of science, it does not lose its significance. On the contrary, it is only then that all its grandeur is seen as a document of the difficult struggle of a small nation striving for a more perfect human society. The Jewish people did not contribute to human culture like other peoples of the Old Age by developing science and technology, but by affirming new moral principles. But we also know that this is no coincidence. It was not the Jews who were predetermined by some 'transcendent force' to be carriers of a higher morality, but rather a result of certain historical circumstances ... "