Šekspirov “Mletački trgovac” kroz prizmu antisemitizma u tri izvedbe: Dvorsko pozorište Beč (1943), Jugoslovensko dramsko pozorište Beograd (2004) i Venecijanski geto (2016)

Abstract

U radu će biti razmatrana percepcija drame Vilijama Šekspira “Mletački trgovac” u tri pozorišne izvedbe koje se razlikuju kako prema svom datovanju tako i prema mjestu izvođenja, istorijskim, te društveno-političkim okolnostima u kojima nastaju. Kroz analizu ovih izvedbi predstava u Dvorskom pozorištu u Beču (1943), Jugoslovenskom dramskom pozorištu u Beogradu (2004) i u Venecijanskom getu (2016) možemo da uočimo na koji je način originalni Šeksprov tekst bio instrumentalizovan u različitim istorijskim trenucima i pod različitim istorijskim okolnostima u službi razmatranja tada aktuelnih pitanja. Razmotrićemo u kojoj je mjeri “Mletački trgovac” zaista antisemitistički i na koji je način nacistička politika iskoristila taj potencijal antisemitizma u ovoj drami u svoju korist, te kako su druge dvije izvedbe novijeg datuma za zadatak imale upravo suprotno: da sruše stereotipe o Jevrejima i iskažu bunt protiv istog tog antisemitizma.

The paper will discuss the perception of William Shakespeare's play "The Merchant of Venice" in three theatrical performances that differ according to their date and place of performance, and the historical and socio-political circumstances in which they were created. Through the analysis of these performances of plays in the Burgtheater in Vienna (1943), the Yugoslav Drama Theater in Belgrade (2004) and in the Venice Ghetto (2016), we can see how Shakespeare's original text was instrumentalized in different historical moments and under different historical circumstances into the service of considering current issues at that time. We will consider to what extent "The Merchant of Venice" is truly anti-Semitic and how the Nazi policy used the potential of anti-Semitism in this drama to its advantage, and how the other two recent performances had the exact opposite task: to break stereotypes about Jews and express rebellion against the same anti-Semitism.