Hrvatska, srpska, austrijska i mađarska historiograija o povijesti Židova od 1868. do danas

Abstract

U drugoj polovini 19. i početkom 20. stoljeća profesionalna se historiografija u Hrvatskoj veoma malo bavila poviješću Židova u Hrvatskoj. Tek se krajem 19. i početkom 20. stoljeća pojavljuje nekoliko članaka koje su objavili hrvatski književnici, novinari i pojedinci. Isto tako veoma je malo židovskih autora koji su se bavili vlastitom poviješću, s iznimkom vukovarskoga nadrabina Julija Diamanta i zagrebačkoga rabina Gavre Schwarza. U međuratnom razdoblju nije se previše bavilo istraživanjem židovske povijesti u nas - početkom 1920-ih i krajem 1930-ih s prilozima o povijesti Židova javili su se židovski autori Lavoslav Šik i Lavoslav Glesinger. Poslijeratno razdoblje u istraživanju povijesti Židova u Hrvatskoj stvorilo je posve novu situaciju. U židovskim općinama u Hrvatskoj nakon Drugoga svjetskog rata više nije bilo nikoga tko bi se zanimao za židovsku povijest. Pedesetih godina 20. stoljeća u Beogradu je kao središnja institucija osnovan Jevrejski istorijski muzej radi očuvanja tragova židovske povijesti na području bivše Jugoslavije. Iako se oko muzeja okupio priličan broj istraživača i započela je značajnija istraživačka djelatnost, nikada se nisu pojavili stručnjaci čiji bi jedini ili barem glavni interes bila povijest Židova, mada se od 1950-ih naovamo pojavljuju autori čiji su se radovi izravno ili neizravno bavili židovskim zajednicama u Hrvatskoj i Slavoniji (Slavko Gavrilović, Miroslava Despot-Bliss…), pa i Dalmaciji (Duško Kečkemet, Bernard Stulli). Potkraj 20. i početkom 21. stoljeća odnos prema istraživanju povijesti Židova u Hrvatskoj umnogome se promijenio. Posljednjih nekoliko godina objavljene su mnoge knjige, članci, memoari, radovi i knjige o holokaustu i povijestima židovskih zajednica u malim sredinama.

In the Croatian historiography of the second half of the nineteenth century and during the first half of the twentieth century not much attention was paid to the history of Jews. Only at the turn of the century, several articles written by some Croatian novelists and journalists can be noticed. At the same time, it is important to note that there were just a few Jewish authors who dealt with their own history. The positive examples were Julije Diamant Grand Rabbi of Vukovar and Gavro Schwarz Rabbi of Zagreb. During the inter-war period, there was not much written about Jewish history in Croatia - at the beginning of the 20s’ and in the late 30s’ of the twentieth century just two Jewish writers can be traced: Lavoslav Šik and Lavoslav Glesinger. On the other hand, after World War Two the situation significantly changed. Namely, after the war, there was no one in Jewish communities in Croatia who would be interested in the investigation of Jewish history. Thus, in the 50s’ authorities founded a Jewish historical museum in Belgrade in order to invoke investigation and preserve the memory of the history of Jews in the territory of Yugoslavia. Although this museum became a center that gathered a certain number of researchers, none of them ever became predominantly involved in the research of Jewish history. Still, from the 50s’ one can notice a number of articles and discussions dealing with the history of Jews in Croatia and Slavonia (works by Slavko Gavrilović, Miroslava Despot-Bliss, etc.), and also in Dalmatia (works by Duško Kečkemet and Bernard Stulli). By the end of the twentieth and at the beginning of the twenty-first-century attitude towards the investigation of the history of Jews has changed. During the last several years many books, articles, and memoirs have been published including studies about the holocaust and the histories of Jews within small local communities.