Nepoželjni gosti. Židovske izbjeglice u Jugoslaviji (1938-1945)

Abstract

U radu je predstavljena sudbina Židovki i Židova koji su od 1933., poglavito od 1938. godine, tražili utočište u Kraljevini Jugoslaviji. Fokus istraživanja je bio na Dravskoj i Savskoj banovini jer su dvije sjeverne jugoslavenske banovine već od 1933. bile izložene jakom pritisku imigranata sa austrijskih, mađarskih i talijanskih granica. Istraživanje je usmjereno na sudbine pojedinaca. Jedan od glavnih izvora su bile potjernice jugoslavenske policije za ilegalnim imigrantima. Slijedeći njihove tragove, bilo je moguće pojedine osobe pratiti i kroz arhivske fondove koji se odnose na period Drugog svjetskog rata u Jugoslaviji i ustanoviti uspješne bijegove ili njihovo odvođenje u logore i nasilnu smrt. U drugom dijelu rada dati su podaci gdje se, kada i na koji način gube tragovi, odnosno gdje su i kako nastradali pojedinci. Rad je zasnovan na istraživanjima fondova Arhiva Republike Slovenije, Biskupskog arhiva u Ljubljani, Hrvatskog državnog arhiva u Zagrebu, arhiva u Rijeci i Splitu. Korišćena su i sjećanja savremenika i periodika.

In this research, I looked at the destiny of Jewish men and women who, since 1933, and mostly in 1938, sought refuge in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The research is focused on the Drava and Sava districts - primarily for the reason that these two northern districts of former Yugoslavia were already as of 1933 under the strong pressure of immigrants from Austrian, Hungarian and Italian borders. Archive material from archives in Slovenia and Croatia substantiate this assumption (another reason for personal nature is that I do this research without any financial support and therefore I have to limit the scope to the archives accessible to me without lengthy travel and additional accommodation costs). The archives led me to paying attention to individual destinies. I came across personal names of Jewish refugees also in memoirs of the period, the few direct testimonies, since such sources are becoming more available only as of recently. The first source for me was the Yugoslav police, which published all-points bulletins for illegal migrants. Following such traces, I was in the position to track some individuals also through the archives for World War Two in Yugoslavia and I could identify successful escapes or their being taken to concentration camps and violent death. The second part of the work the "Old Jewish Refugees in Occupied Yugoslavia" offers a chronological review of deportations to death camps - I wanted to emphasize data on where, when and in which manner their traces disappear and where and how individuals perished. Regarding the camps in the Independent State of Croatia abundant literature exists abroad and all across the former Yugoslavia, but seldom do we see data on foreign Jews, and if we see them it is as a group, not as individuals. In this manner, I contributed to making more complete the databases of the Documentary Archives of the Austrian Resistance Movement (Documentary archive des österreichischen Widerstandes) and of the Yad Vashem Memorial Centre.