Jevrejske porodice u Sremskomitrovačkom i Rumskom rabinatu

Abstract

Za razliku od drugih gradova u Sremu, Jevreji se u Sremskoj Mitrovici pominju relativno kasno. Prvi, u popisu 1786. godine zabeležen Jevrejin u gradu je David Löwi. Najveći talas doseljavanja Jevreja u Sremsku Mitrovicu desio se nakon donošenja carskih naredbi o pravima Jevreja u Monarhiji 1860. godine. Jevrejska bogoštovna opština u Sremskoj Mitrovici osnovana je 1869/1870. Do izgradnje sinagoge Jevreji iz Mitrovice su imali molitveni prostor u maloj kući sa dve prostorije. Prva i jedina sinagoga u gradu je sagrađena 1904. godine u neoklasicističkom stilu a porušena je od strane ustaša i nacista 1941/1942. godine. Progon Jevreja iz Sremske Mitrovice tokom Holokausta započeo je već početkom maja 1941. godine, kada su sa Srbima uhapšeni i članovi jevrejske porodice Morgenstern. Od tada pa sve do konačnog odvođenja u Aušvic i Jasenovac jula 1942. godine Jevreji su trpeli konstantne pljačke, hapšenja i deportacije. Od oko stotinu članova jevrejske zajednice u Sremskoj Mitrovici, rat je preživelo svega trinaest. U Rumi se prvi Jevreji pominju nakon 1815. godine. Liberalniji stavovi vlasti doveli su do većeg naseljavanja novosadskih Jevreja u Rumu 1846. godine. Godine 1847. u Rumskom kotaru bilo je osamnaest jevrejskih porodica sa 69 osoba. Jevrejska bogoštovna opština u Rumi je osnovana sedamdesetih godina 19. veka kao reformirana neološka opština. Verske službe u Rumi su do 1879. godine obavljane u privatnom stanu, a od tada u novosagrađenoj sinagogi, običnoj prizemnoj kući. Kasnije, 1935. godine, na tom mestu je podignuta nova sinagoga koja je srušena početkom 1943. godine. Jevrejska škola se prvi put pominje 1875. godine. Tokom Holokausta jevrejska zajednica u Rumi je potpuno uništena. U Holokaustu je stradalo 192 rumska Jevreja a preživelo je svega 19 osoba.

Unlike other towns in Srem, Jews in Sremska Mitrovica are mentioned relatively late. The first Jew recorded in the city in the 1786 census was David Löwi. The biggest wave of Jewish immigration to Sremska Mitrovica took place after the 1860 imperial decrees on the rights of Jews in the Monarchy. The Jewish religious community in Sremska Mitrovica was founded in 1869/1870. Until the construction of the synagogue, the Jews of Mitrovica had a prayer space in a small house with two rooms. The first and only synagogue in the city was built in 1904 in the neoclassical style and was destroyed by the Ustasha and Nazis in 1941/1942. years. The persecution of Jews from Sremska Mitrovica during the Holocaust began already at the beginning of May 1941, when members of the Jewish Morgenstern family were arrested along with the Serbs. From then until the final deportation to Auschwitz and Jasenovac in July 1942, the Jews suffered constant robberies, arrests and deportations. There were about a hundred members of the Jewish community in Sremska Mitrovica, only thirteen survived the war. In Ruma, the first Jews are mentioned after 1815. The more liberal attitudes of the authorities led to a larger settlement Jews from of Novi Sad in Ruma in 1846. In 1847, there were eighteen Jewish families with 69 people in Ruma district. The Jewish religious community in Ruma was founded in the seventies of the 19th century as a reformed neological community. Until 1879, religious services in Ruma were held in a private apartment, and since then in a newly built synagogue, an ordinary one-story house. Later, in 1935, a new synagogue was built on that site, which was demolished at the beginning of 1943. The Jewish school was first mentioned in 1875. During the Holocaust, the Jewish community in Ruma has completely destroyed. 192 Jews from Ruma died in the Holocaust and only 19 people survived.