Šoa/Holokaust: knјiževnokulturološki odgovor

Abstract

Cilј rada je da pokuša da sagleda sličnosti i razlike u načinima reprezentacije Holokausta kod Jevreja i pripadnika drugih naroda, u različitim kulturama: na Zapadu, u Izraelu, u Srbiji. Ovom zadatku ćemo pristupiti komparativnom metodom uz korišćenje relevantnih teorija koje se odnose na proučavanje samog događaja, ali i posledica koje i dalјe ostavlјa generacijama dece i unuka onih koji su preživeli. Zaklјučujemo da je potreba da se piše o ovoj temi podjednako prisutna i kod Jevreja i kod drugih naroda i da su različite vrste reprezentacije (dokumentaristička, umetnička, književna, tehnološka) neophodne kako bi se poruka „nikada više” prenela budućim generacijama.

As the Holocaust represents the greatest event in the history of the 20th century, the greatest decay of humanity and civilization, people needed to find appropriate ways to confront that trauma apart from historical and documentary approaches. Various artistic forms emerged in popular culture and literature dealing with the Holocaust: novels, films, comics, music, photography. Representation started immediately as a part of survival and testimony. Those who were in camps and ghettos left behind various representations of everyday life and death in the belly of the mortal hell. Several questions emerged after the end of the war concerning the representation of the Holocaust: should it be represented, who has the right to represent it, what is the right form to write about it, what language to use, is imagination allowed besides factual truths etc. In this paper, we tried to step out of the canonical examples and present some controversial cases in Western literature such as J. Kosinski's and move to the second and third generation with D. Grosman and J. Yolen. We also touch upon Serbian representations of the Jewish Holocaust. Andrić's short stories and of the genocidal terror performed upon the Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia predominates in cinematic forms. Both Jewish and non-Jewish authors feel the necessity to talk about the atrocities because they represent the universal heritage which belongs to all of us who want to spread the message of ‘never again'.