Žene rabini

Abstract

Osnovni cilj ovog rada je da odgovori na pitanje kako je, iz perspektive borbe Jevrejki za emancipaciju, došlo do stvaranja i realizovanja ideje o ženama rabinima (rabinkama), kao najozbiljnijem izazovu tradicionalnog jevrejskog društva. Versko obrazovanje i društveni status koje ono sobom nosi, u tradicionalnom jevrejskom društvu imale su u istoriji samo retke, izuzetne žene. Promene u uvođenju formalnog sticanja verskog obrazovanja, donela su tek moderna vremena, tj. pojava Haskale i reformi koje je ona izrodila. Mnogobrojne su posledice jevrejskog prosvetiteljskog pokreta, kako negativne tako i pozitivne. Iako se svetsko jevrejstvo podelilo u četiri denominacije, pozitivna promena svakako jeste promena položaja žena u tradicionalnom jevrejskom društvu. Pod uticajem liberalnih ideja Haskale, ženska deca i žene uopšte, počele su da stiču i formalno versko obrazovanje. Posledica toga je bila pojava žena koje su želele rabinsku karijeru. Kako su u savremnom svetu žene već u XIX veku bile zastupljene u svim profesijama, pa i svešteničkim, Jevrejke su, svesne svojih intelektualnih mogućnosti, tek počele da traže načine da postanu rabinke i uđu u rabinate. Načini na koje su sticale rabinsko obrazovanje zavisio je od denominacije kojoj su pripadale. Reformski, konzervativni i ortodoksni pravac u jevrejstvu su na različite načine rešili ovo pitanje. Borba za izjednačavanje statusa i dalje traje.

The main goal of this paper is to answer the question of how, from the perspective of the Jewish struggle for emancipation, the idea of ​​rabbinical women was created and realized, as the most serious challenge of traditional Jewish society. In the traditional Jewish society, only rare, exceptional women have had religious education and the social status it carries with it. Changes in the introduction of formal acquisition of religious education have brought only modern times, i.e. the emergence of Haskalah and the reforms it brought in. The consequences of the Jewish Enlightenment movement are numerous, both negative and positive. Although world Jewry is divided into four denominations, the positive change is certainly the change in the position of women in traditional Jewish society. Under the influence of Haskale's liberal ideas, women's children and women, in general, began to acquire formal religious education. The consequence was the appearance of women who wanted a rabbinical career. As women were already represented in all professions in the modern world in the 19th century, including the priestly, Jews, aware of their intellectual abilities, were just beginning to look for ways to become rabbis and enter rabbinates. The ways in which they acquired rabbinic education depended on the denomination to which they belonged. Reform, conservative and orthodox directions in Judaism have solved this issue in different ways. The struggle for equalization of status continues.