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Establishment of the Jewish community of Subotica

dc.contributorFischer, Leopold
dc.creatorVidor, Mirko
dc.date.accessioned2021-03-01T20:56:02Z
dc.date.available2021-03-01T20:56:02Z
dc.date.issued1928
dc.identifier.urihttps://www.jevrejskadigitalnabiblioteka.rs/handle/123456789/1657
dc.description.abstractDr Mirko Vidor u uvodnom delu teksta o osnivanju subotičke jevrejske opštine opisuje težak život Jevreja Bačke. Većina Jevreja je u drugoj polovini XVII veka proterana zajedno sa osmanlijama i samo su pojedinci ostali u utvrđenim gradovima u Vojvodini. Naredba kralja Ferdinanda iz 1647. godine stavila je Jevreje Mađarske izvan prava i zakona. Nisu smeli stanovati u gradovima, niti se baviti zanatstvom i trgovinom. U vreme Marije Terezije platili su poseban porez, da bi ih trpili (Toleranzsteuer). Grad Svete Marije - kako se tada zvala Subotica — sklopio je 28. juna 1743. godine ugovor sa komorom u Požunu, po kojemu senat grada može primati Grke, Jermene, Jevreje i Cigane u varoš. Po novom ugovoru od 8. marta 1749. zabranjeno je primanje Jevreja i sličnih naroda za stalne stanovnike. 7. augusta 1775. godine odobrio je gradski senat Jakovu Herschel-u, Jevrejinu iz Pakša, da se naseli u gradu. Dozvoljeno mu je da može torbariti sa vunom i kožom i prodavati u svome stanu košer jelo i vino. Zbog toga se smatra da je Jakov Herschel bio prvi član i osnivač jevrejske opštine u Subotici. To je bio i početak naseljavanja Jevreja u Subotici, koji je bio spor i dugotrajan. Jevreji su u ovom periodu bili izloženi diskriminaciji, raznim zabranama i nepravednim taksama. Godine 1787. godine u gradu je bilo 12 jevrejskih porodica, uglavnom slabijeg materijalnog stanja, koji su zbog lošeg odnosa vlasti živeli u teškoj sirotinji. Povoljnija situacija nastaje nakon edikta o toleranciji Josipa II iz 1781. Godine kada započinje emancipacija Jevreja. Gradske vlasti zvanično su priznale Jevrejsku opštinu 1786. godine, a 1788. dozvolili boravak i drugim Jevrejima koji “žive poštenim životom i imaju svoje redovno zanimanje”. Više od 10 godina trajali su pokušaji da Jevreji Subotice kupe zemlju i izgrade hram. Posle više neuspelih žalbi gradnja im je odobrena na osnovu molbe Jevreja nastanjenih u gradu Maria Theresiopolis naslovljene ugarskom kraljevskom namesništvu. Molba napisana na nemačkom jeziku datira od 26. marta 1799. godine. Na osnovu ove molbe jevrejska opština dobila je odobrenje za gradnju hrama. Oba teksta su sastavni deo ovog rada.sr
dc.description.abstractIn the introductory part of the text on the founding of the Jewish community in Subotica, Dr. Mirko Vidor describes the difficult life of the Jews of Bačka. Most Jews were expelled together with the Ottomans in the second half of the 17th century, and only a few remained in fortified cities in Vojvodina. King Ferdinand's order from 1647 put the Jews of Hungary out of the law. They were not allowed to live in cities, nor to engage in crafts and trade. In the time of Maria Theresa, they paid a special tax to tolerate them (Toleranzsteuer). On June 28, 1743, the city of St. Mary - as Subotica was then called - concluded an agreement with the chamber in Požun, according to which the city senate could accept Greeks, Armenians, Jews, and Gypsies into the town. Under the new treaty of March 8, 1749, it was forbidden to accept Jews and similar peoples as permanent residents. On August 7, 1775, the city senate granted Jacob Herschel, a Jew from Paks, to settle in the city. He is allowed to bag wool and leather and sell kosher food and wine in his house. Therefore, it is believed that Jakov Herschel was the first member and founder of the Jewish community in Subotica. It was also the beginning of the settlement of Jews in Subotica, which was slow and long-lasting. During this period, Jews were exposed to discrimination, various prohibitions, and unfair taxes. In 1787, there were 12 Jewish families in the city, mostly of poorer financial condition, who, due to the poor attitude of the authorities, lived in dire poverty. A more favorable situation arose after the edict of tolerance of Joseph II from 1781 when the emancipation of the Jews began. The city authorities officially recognized the Jewish community in 1786, and in 1788 allowed the residence for other Jews who "live an honest life and have their regular profession." Attempts by the Jews of Subotica to buy land and build a temple lasted for more than 10 years. After several unsuccessful appeals, the building was approved on the basis of a request from the Jews living in the city of Maria Theresiopolis (Subotica), addressed to the Hungarian royal governorship. The request, written in German, dates from March 26, 1799. Based on this request, the Jewish community received approval for the construction of the temple. Both texts are an integral part of this paper.sr
dc.language.isoshsr
dc.publisherVršac : Savez rabina Kraljevine S. H. S.sr
dc.rightsopenAccesssr
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/
dc.sourceJevrejski almanah za godinu 5689 (1928/29)sr
dc.subjectJevreji - Suboticasr
dc.subjectJews - Suboticasr
dc.titleOsnivanje subotičke jevrejske opštinesr
dc.titleEstablishment of the Jewish community of Suboticasr
dc.typearticlesr
dc.rights.licenseCC0sr
dcterms.abstractВидор, Мирко; Оснивање суботичке јеврејске општине; Оснивање суботичке јеврејске општине;
dc.identifier.fulltexthttp://jevrejskadigitalnabiblioteka.rs/bitstream/id/5198/bitstream_5198.pdf
dc.type.versionpublishedVersionsr
dc.citation.spage71
dc.citation.epage75
dc.citation.volume4
dc.identifier.rcubhttps://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_jdb_1657


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