Tragedija beogradskih Jevreja 1688. godine

Abstract

Nakon uvodnog dela u kojem je naglašeno da podaci o Jevrejima u Beogradu potiču iz perioda posle 1521. godine, tj. nakon dolaska Turaka u ovaj grad, autor je prikazao opšti položaj Jevreja u Osmanskom carstvu tokom XVI i XVII veka. Jevrejska zajednica u Beogradu procvetala je sredinom XVII veka kada je bila veoma moćna u ekonomskom i kulturnom smislu i kada je bila respektabilna među jevrejskim zajednicama u Turskoj, a takođe i izvan njenih granica. Brojne i čvrste ekonomske veze sa Jevrejima širom Evrope, pa čak i sa Izraelom, omogućile su formiranje fonda za plaćanje otkupnine za porobljene Jevreje, a takođe i za napredak u kulturi kao što je to, na primer, bio slučaj sa jevrejskim školama. Kroz biografske podatke i zapise nekih uglednih Jevreja iz XVII veka - Jicaka Almosnina, Josefa Ibn-Danona, Moše ben Mihael Akdena, Šlome Moniana i nekih drugih eminentnih ljudi iz tog perioda, možemo videti tragediju koja se dogodila Jevrejima kada je austrijska vojska 1688. godine osvojila Beograd. Njihova stradanja koja su se redovno završavale negde na severu Save i Dunava, u Austriji i zapadnoj Evropi, opisali su i anonimni pisci.

After the introductory part in which it is emphasized that data about Jews in Belgrade originate from the period after 1521, i.e. after the Turks had come to this city, the author showed the general position of Jews in the Ottoman Empire during XVI and XVII centuries. The Jewish community in Belgrade flourished in the mid-XVII century when it was very powerful in the economic and cultural sense and it was respectable among the Jewish communities in Turkey as well as beyond its borders. Numerous and tight economic connections with Jews all over Europe, and even with the State of Israel, made it possible to form foundations to pay ransom for the enslaved Jews, and also to make progress; in culture, as it was with Jewish schools, for example. Through biographical data of some eminent Jews from the XVII century, we can see the tragedy which happened to the Jewry when the Austrian army conquered Belgrade in 1688. We have records of Yitzak Almosnin, Josef Ibn-Danon, Moshe ben Michael Akden, Shlomo Monian and some others who were eminent citizens of the period. Their sufferings were described by anonymous writers or they described their tragedies themselves, which regularly ended somewhere on the North of Sava and Danube in Austria and Western Europe.