Jezici Jevreja

Abstract

Od 10. veka p.n.e. govorni jezik Jevreja bio je hebrejski, na koji je snažan uticaj imao aramejski, govorni jezik okolnih naroda u Asiriji i Vavilonu. Najstariji nađeni zapisi na hebrejskom stari su više od 2000 godina. Posle povratka iz vavilonskog ropstva (6. vek p.n.e.), hebrejski postaje isključivo jezik religije. U svetim spisima održao se u izvornom obliku do današnjih dana. Nasuprot tome, po pravilu, raseljeni Jevreji, pored svog jezika, prihvataju jezik zemlje domaćina. Stvaraju se novi jezici kao kombinacija hebrejskog i drugih jezika. Najpoznatiji su đudeo-espanjol ili ladino, jezik Sefarda (španskih Jevreja) stvoren mešavinom hebrejskog i španskog, i jidiš, jezik Aškenaza (Jevreja srednje i istočne Evrope) koji je mešavina hebrejskog i staronemačkog. Kontinuitet hebrejskog jezika ogleda se u činjenici da čak i školska deca u Izraelu sa lakoćom mogu da čitaju čuvene Kumranske spise pronađene u pećinama kraj Mrtvog mora, stare 2000 godina.

From the 10th century BC, the spoken language of the Jews was Hebrew, which was strongly influenced by Aramaic, the spoken language of the surrounding peoples in Assyria and Babylon. The oldest records found in Hebrew are more than 2,000 years old. After returning from Babylonian captivity (6th century BC), Hebrew became exclusively the language of religion. It has been kept in its original form in the scriptures to this day. In contrast, displaced Jews, in addition to their own language, accept the language of the host country. New languages are being created as a combination of Hebrew and other languages. The most famous are Judeo-Spanish or Ladino, the language of the Sephardim (Spanish Jews) created by a mixture of Hebrew and Spanish, and Yiddish, the language of the Ashkenazi (Jews of Central and Eastern Europe) which is a mixture of Hebrew and Old German. The continuity of the Hebrew language is reflected in the fact that even school children in Israel can easily read the famous Qumran scriptures found in caves near the Dead Sea, which are 2000 years old.