Sećanja preživelih: arhivi, politika i poetika sećanja

Abstract

Predmet analize u ovom radu su četiri arhiva svedočenja preživelih Holokausta: Jejlov Fortunof arhiv (Yale Fortunoff Archive), Usmena istorija Memorijalnog muzeja Holokausta Sjedinjenih Američkih Država (United States Holocaust Memorial Museum's Oral History Archive), arhiv Vizuelna istorija Šoa fondacije (Visual History Archive, USC Shoah Foundation), koji je sada dostupan u istom muzeju, i arhiv "Mi smo preživeli", objavljen kao petotomno izdanje, koje čine svedočenja iz arhiva Jevrejskog istorijskog muzeja u Beogradu, ali i pisana svedočenja.

The present paper offers an analysis of four different collections of Holocaust testimonies: Yale Fortunoff archive, Oral history and Shoa - now both available in the United States Holocaust Museum in Washington and "We survived", a collection of Yugoslav Holocaust survivors testimonies. The aim of this paper is to compare these archives and to establish different models of remembering by analyzing ways of constructing the narratives around different archives. The analysis will show two prevailing tendencies in remembering the Holocaust, defined here as performative-affective and historical-epistemological models. Whilst the first model stresses both specific and individual experiences of trauma, the second tries to decontextualize the trauma and to establish a particular narrative around it. The latter model was also recognised and defined by many authors as the Americanisation of the Holocaust. Drawing from the works of Wieviorka, Novick, Shandler, Edkins, Rosenfeld, Rabinbach, this paper will show the great influence of Americanisation of the Holocaust phenomenon in the creation of the local archive We survived. Finally, the analysis will focus on the importance of the specific context in creating the archive and the role of the local archives as a political tool for resisting the historical revisionisms.