If at first you don’t succeed... - Organizovano iseljavanje Jevreja iz Jugoslavije u Izrael (1948-1952) i čudnovati slučaj Franje Galamboša

Abstract

Analiza ličnih istorija pojedinaca koji su se masovnom iseljavanju iz Jugoslavije u Izrael priključili zaobilazeći osnovni organizacioni okvir procesa pruža jedinstven uvid u njegove opšte i specifične aspekte. Ovaj rad posvećen je slučaju Franje Galamboša, jedinog iseljenika koji se u Izrael uputio u okvirima organizovane emigracije, da bi zatim bio deportovan iz novostvorene jevrejske države na Bliskom istoku. Povratak u Jugoslaviju sa sobom je, samim tim, povukao pitanja koja u pripremi iseljavanja uopšte nisu razmatrana. Prilikom pisanja rada korišćeni su izvori koji se čuvaju u Arhivu Jevrejskog istorijskog muzeja u Beogradu.

Individuals attempted to utilize existing connections with high-ranking officials of the Jewish community in Yugoslavia to better their own and the position of their family members in mass emigration to Israel. In these situations, the basic organizational framework of the process was modified so as to fit the needs of a specific person. Consequently, each of these émigrés left the country under unique circumstances. Analysing the personal histories of these individuals is, therefore, a way to better understand the general framework of the migration process, through way of identifying what exceptions were made in a specific case. This paper focuses on the experience of Franjo Galamboš, the only participant leaving Yugoslavia within organized emigration who was deported from the newly formed Jewish state in the Middle East. After having left the country with direct assistance from the president of the Federation of Jewish Religious Communities, he was sent back from Haifa within days. This decision was backed by claims of Galamboš not being Jewish, not being of the appropriate age and finally not having anyone to sustain him in Israel in the case of his not being able to do so. The return of Galamboš to Yugoslavia raised organizational questions never to be addressed within the migration process, primarily those of property and citizenship. Although this single example can not be considered representative of any such case within organized migration from Yugoslavia to Israel as a whole, it must be viewed as offering a unique insight into aspects of it that would otherwise remain unnoticed and therefore very significant. Documents held at the Archives of the Jewish Historical Museum in Belgrade were used in writing this paper.